Name: Gohil Khanjaniba Mahipatsinh.
Roll No: 15.
Paper No: 5(Romantic Literature).
Unit No: 1.
Topic of an assignment: Concept of art and beauty in John Keats’s ode (1810-1821).
Guided by: Dr.Dilip Barad.
Dedicated to: The Department of English,
Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University,
Bhavnagar.
Introduction of John Keats as a poet
John Keats was born on 31st October, 1795. He was an English romantic poet, was known as second major figure of the romantic poets along with Lord Byron and Percy Bsyche Shelley.
By the end of the nineteenth century he had one of the most beloved of all English poets. Seemingly he had an influence on diverse range of poets and writers. John Keats became more famous for his odes and it were mainly characterized by sensual imagery. Although he became an epitome of the young people. Keats has attempted philosophical approaches through his literary work or classical legend.
Keats lost his parents at an early age and his father’s death had a profound effect on him. Because of this incident Keats’s understanding became more mature, both its suffering and its lost. At Enfield Academy Keats started shortly before his father’s death proved to be a voracious reader where John Clerk was his school master and he had encouraged Keats in literature. John Keats is well-known for his most famous thought that is:
“If poetry comes not as naturally as leaves to a tree it had better not come at all”. Keats was a friend with P.B.Shelley and William Wordsworth. His most famous odes are as under:
Ø Ode to Psyche.
Ø Ode to a Nightingale.
Ø Ode on a Grecian Urn.
Ø Ode on Melancholy.
Ø Ode to autumn.
What is art and beauty in odes?
Art and beauty has their own differences and also it has different functions in a literary work of art. When we came across these two things we should know its meaning. Art is usually comes in our daily works and skills. Example for that, by art we will mean everything that ahs gone under that rubric (music, dance, sculpture, architecture and painting, literature, drama, etc).
Here we can say that art is connected to us. When art and beauty comes together unknowingly we readers involves ourselves into itself and it engage us and shapes our experience in fundamental ways reflection on them will involves us in many fateful twists and turns on the conceptual existential and social levels.
If we think about ‘beauty’ – we will mean any phenomenon natural and art factual that manifests a distinctive quality however we ultimately come to define it.
‘Significance of art’ or ‘what is art?’
In order to distinguished the difference between art and beauty. The two ideas must be present here: first be individually defined.
“Art is a product of the individual creative process”.- By Stella Pandell Russell.
Art is not a reflection of nature or reality, it is person’s own particular interpretation of that reality, not represented by words but instead it is symbolized and channeled into a craft. In the mind of true artist perfection is an undesirable concept.
‘Significance of beauty’ or ‘what is beauty?’
“Beauty is jealous and idly bears the presence of a rival”
-Thomas Jefferson.
Beauty is not an originality of perfection. Beauty is merely complex to understand easily through the work of art, just because of language and recurrence is such a common trend in the field of art.
1. Ode to Psyche
This ode has been divided into the five stanzas and Keats has used elements of five senses and also he has represents music of nature through the visualization of different seasons.
This ode is not about only Psyche but also about psyche’s problem and atmosphere in which she is lived. The word ‘winged psyche’ used as metaphor. In this poem priest called as a medium of human beings to enrich God’s world. Here Keats says that Psyche is a latest born in Olympus. Where our god lives, but Psyche is faded with the social hierarchies. Here we can apply an example of “Paradise Lost” where Eve presented as saint agonies. The use of natural beauty is so far like heap of flowers, midnight hours, etc. Night is also used as the symbol of constant silence.
The word ‘censer’ means a kind of beautiful smell and it comes when we worships God. In this ode with the one of the part of the nature is forest which reflected complexity of the poet’s mind. The metaphor of ‘branched thoughts’ and new thoughts are still growing in the medium of new branches and it is full of pain. Some words like wild-ridged mountain, Zephyrs, streams and birds refer to the poet’s view and it is really cunning. The beauty lies in the cunningness like a shape and beauty of moon.
2. Ode to a Nightingale
This poem is one of the personal poem his own. The poet was inspired a lot by the bird Nightingale. This poem describes the state of negative capability; this poem explores some themes of nature, transience and morality. In the myth of Nightingale we could see the element of death really tragic. No one pleasure is dies. Keats imagines the loss of the physical world and sees himself dead. There poet also gives reference of mortality and immortality with the immortal Nightingale and a mortal man.
Beauty could not keep her brightness with attachments as the love, which could not be evergreen beyond tomorrow. ‘Wings of poesy’ is also a ‘Wings of imaginations’ and the moon is called as Queen who is on her throne and it is clustered around by all her stars which is constantly twinkling in the darkness. ‘Hawthorn’ is a kind of flower and the pastoral enlightenment. The poem shows poet’s love for death so the death is immortal as well as beautiful.
3. Ode on a Grecian Urn
This is a famous ode of John Keats and it is also one of the several great odes of 1819s. Some has belief that classical Greek art was an idealistic and captured Greek virtues which forms the basis of the poem. This ode draws our attention to this Grecian Urn. The image of an urn ids previously presented in ‘Ode on indolence’ which represents three things they are: love, ambition and poesy. But in this poem we can find out two things they are love and poesy.
The lover depicts the relationship of passion and beauty with art here Keats describes that how beauty is temporary. Grecian Urn is related to the classical culture of historians.
“With forest branches and the trodden weed;
Thou, silent form, dost tease us out of thought
As both eternity: cold pastoral!!!”
The eternity is related to the person’s personal things without any emotions. Forest branches are wild, trampled grass, etc has same idea.
“Beauty is truth, truth beauty,-that is all
Ye know on earth, and all ye need to know”.
4. Ode to Autumn
This ode has been divided into the three stanzas and each and every stanza has been presented in rhyme. The word ‘season’ refers to a atmosphere of nature. Some words like ‘fruitfulness’ and ‘maturing sun’ gives us an aesthetic delight and has also marked with beauty of nature or brightness of nature or brightness of nature which is universally truth.
“Where are the songs of spring? Ay where are they?
Think not of them, thou hast thy music too.”
The above lines have been taken from the third stanza of the ode, in these lines poet asks questions that ‘where are the songs of spring?’-thus on these lines we may imagine poet’s love for songs of spring, recurrently in the next lines poet talks about ‘clouds’ it blooms the soft dying days. Thus the imagination of cloud is full of misery, sadness and regret fullness.
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